山東三所新材料技術(shù)有限公司

實(shí)施近紅外偽裝多是對(duì)目標(biāo)的紅外輻射特性進(jìn)行改進(jìn)使其難以被發(fā)現(xiàn)。由于紅外線(xiàn)沒(méi)有顏色之分，目標(biāo)被偵查到多是因?yàn)槠淞炼扰c背景不同。在近紅外波段，由于紅外偵查主要根據(jù)反射光譜，所以要使目標(biāo)的近紅外反射光譜與背景相似。

The implementation of near-infrared camouflage often involves improving the infrared radiation characteristics of the target to make it difficult to detect. Due to the lack of color distinction in infrared radiation, targets are often detected because their brightness is different from the background. In the near-infrared band, since infrared reconnaissance mainly relies on reflection spectra, it is necessary to make the target's near-infrared reflection spectrum similar to the background.

對(duì)于單兵偽裝服而言，實(shí)現(xiàn)近紅外偽裝一般采用低發(fā)射率的近紅外偽裝涂料或染料。早在20世紀(jì)70年代國(guó)外就開(kāi)始研究近紅外涂料。美國(guó)最早研究出一種四色迷彩涂料，可以同時(shí)防可見(jiàn)光、近紅外光和紫外光，以黃褐色、褐色為主，暗綠色和黑色為輔。在國(guó)內(nèi)，王順奎等發(fā)明了一種新型多譜段偽裝涂料，能同時(shí)防可見(jiàn)光、近紅外和熱紅外探測(cè)，性能優(yōu)異。郭利等以聚氨酯為基體，研制了一種與植物反射光譜相似的近紅外偽裝涂層，有效提高了近紅外偽裝性能。

For individual camouflage suits, low emissivity near-infrared camouflage coatings or dyes are generally used to achieve near-infrared camouflage. As early as the 1970s, research on near-infrared coatings began abroad. The United States was the first to develop a four-color camouflage coating that can simultaneously protect against visible light, near-infrared light, and ultraviolet light, with yellow brown and brown as the main colors, and dark green and black as auxiliary colors. In China, Wang Shunkui and others have invented a new type of multi spectral camouflage coating that can simultaneously resist visible light, near-infrared, and thermal infrared detection, with excellent performance. Guo Li et al. developed a near-infrared camouflage coating based on polyurethane, which is similar to the reflectance spectrum of plants, effectively improving the near-infrared camouflage performance.

紅外涂層的方法工藝簡(jiǎn)單、效率高，但是涂層會(huì)導(dǎo)致偽裝服的透氣性下降、服用性能差、耐水洗性差等問(wèn)題，所以紅外偽裝染料又成為了研究新方向。原CIBA（汽巴）和BASF（巴斯夫）公司研制出適用于纖維素纖維織物的還原染料（CI還原黑27、CI還原棕1等），這些染料發(fā)射率低，具有良好的近紅外偽裝效果，在可見(jiàn)光波段也有很好的防護(hù)效果。徐園園研究了還原染料對(duì)織物近紅外偽裝性能的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)灰黑染料能有效調(diào)節(jié)織物在可見(jiàn)光波段的反射率，炭黑則能調(diào)節(jié)近紅外波段的反射率。

The method of infrared coating is simple and efficient, but the coating can cause problems such as decreased breathability, poor wearability, and poor water resistance of camouflage clothing. Therefore, infrared camouflage dyes have become a new research direction. The original CIBA and BASF companies have developed vat dyes (CI Reduced Black 27, CI Reduced Brown 1, etc.) suitable for cellulose fiber fabrics. These dyes have low emissivity and good near-infrared camouflage effect, as well as good protection in the visible light band. Xu Yuanyuan studied the effect of vat dyes on the near-infrared camouflage performance of fabrics and found that gray black dyes can effectively adjust the reflectivity of fabrics in the visible light band, while carbon black can adjust the reflectivity in the near-infrared band.